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Folasaga i le Malamalama Autu o Surfactants i Suauʻu Fanua
Lolomiina: 20-12-11
E tusa ai ma le faʻavasegaina metotia o vailaʻau oona, e mafai ona vaevaeina suauʻu e ala i le faʻaogaina i le surfactants mo le viliina, surfactants mo le eliina o eleele, surfactants mo le faʻaleleia o fua, surfactants mo le suauʻu ma kesi faʻaputuputuina, ma surfactants mo vai togafitiga, ma isi.
Surfactant mo viliina
O le aofaʻi o surfactants mo viliina (aofia ai ma le viliina vai suʻesuʻe sooupu ma suauʻu lelei sima faʻafefiloi) o le sili ona tele, fuafua mo tusa 60% o le aofaʻi surfactants faʻaaogaina i oilfields. O le aofaʻi o surfactants mo le toe faʻaleleia o le suauʻu e laʻititi, ae o lona poto faʻapitoa e maualuga atu. O lona aofaʻiga faʻatusatusa i le 1/3 o le aofaʻi o aofaʻi o surfactants na faʻaaogaina i fanua suauʻu. O nei ituaiga vailaʻau e lua o loʻo avea ma tulaga taua i surfactants i fanua suauʻu.
I le taimi nei, o le suʻesuʻega o le sooupu togafitiga vai drilling lalolagi ua fausiaina le tulaga o "tolu pou" i le Iunaite Setete, Lusia ma Saina. O loʻo ave e le Iunaite Setete ni mea fou eseese o le polymer e avea ma suʻesuʻega. E tele lava ina faʻavae Lusia i luga ole faʻavae e faʻapea "o mea masani e taugofie ma faigofie ona maua", ma otaota eseese tau pisinisi. O suʻesuʻega a Saina e faʻatatau i le faʻaaogaina atoa o mea masani masani ma le atinaʻeina o polymers fou (e aofia ai monomers).
O le faʻatatauina o suʻesuʻega o vailaʻau fofo vai i fafo e sili atu ona taʻutaʻua, o lona uiga, o oloa eseese faʻavae i luga o polymers gaosia o loʻo iai vaega o le sulfonic acid, ma o le lumanaʻi foʻi lea mo le atinaʻeina o le itu.
Talu mai le 1990s, o se fou augatupulaga o polymer 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) multi-copolymer oloa ua avea ma sui o fou viliina vai suʻesuʻe sooupu. Breaker alualu i luma ua faia i le ituaiga o viscosity reducers, suavai leiloa reducers ma lubricants. Ae maise lava i tausaga talu ai nei, o le polymeric alkohol surfactants ma le cloud point effect na faʻasalalauina ma faʻaogaina i fanua uma o suauʻu i totonu o le atunuʻu ma faʻasologa o polymeric alkohol e viliina ai le suavai.
I se faʻaopopoga, methyl gluconate ma glycerin-faʻaputuga viliina vai na maua lelei taunuʻuga i fanua faʻaoga, faʻaalia lelei talosaga lumanaʻi ma faʻalauiloaina le atinaʻeina o surfactants mo viliina vai. I le taimi nei, o Saina o le viliina fofo suavaia sooupu togafitiga ua tupu i le 18 vaega, le faitau afe o ituaiga, ma le taumafaina faaletausaga o le lata i le 300,000 tone.
I le vaitau o le 1980, o loʻo faʻasolosolo lava ona faʻateleina le gaosiga o le sima lelei i le 1980, ma na faʻasolosolo lava ona faʻatupuina se faʻasologa o oloa. I le atinaʻeina o oloa fou, synthetic polymer mea e masani ona sili atu ona taua seti suʻesuʻega; i le 1993, o uʻamea lelei uma sima i Saina na liua i faʻasologa na ausia API tulaga. O oloa ma admixtures ua atiaʻe vave. Ua faʻamanuiaina e le kamupani se suauʻu faʻapitoa vai suauu SAF (sulfonated acetone formaldehyde polycondensate), lea e fesoʻotaʻi vavalalata ma le faʻamautuina o le lelei ma pamu puipuia vaega. Coagulants, retarders ma pipiʻi faʻamalosia sooupu ua faʻaalia foi le lelei atinaʻe, ma fausia ai se faʻapitoa suauʻu lelei sima faʻatasi ai. I le taimi nei, ua faʻateleina i le sili atu nai lo 200 ituaiga o 11 vasega, ma le faʻaletausaga metotia o le tele o afe tone.
Surfactant mo le toe faʻaleleia o le suauʻu
E i ai ni nai ituaiga ma aofaʻiga o surfactants mo le toe faʻaleleia o le suauʻu faʻatusatusa ma surfactants mo viliina, aemaise lava mo acidification ma gausia oloa. Faʻatasi ai ma le surfactants mo malepe, gelling sooupu na suʻesuʻeina e suia fesuiaʻi fualaʻau gamu ma cellulose, faapea foi ma eseese gaosia polymers pei o polyacrylamide.
I tausaga talu ai nei, atunuʻu i fafo ua atinaʻe lemu i le tulaga o acidified surfactants. O le taulaʻiga o suʻesuʻega ma atinae o luga o le atinaʻe o mea e taofia ai le pala mo le faʻalaʻau. E iloga i le faʻaaogaina o mea masani o loʻo i ai e faʻafou ai poʻo mea e faʻaleagaina ai le pala. O mea masani ma oloa e le oona pe maualalo oona, ma o oloa e iai le suauʻu / vai solubility poʻo le vai dispersibility.
Aminesa, amoniumuma quaternary ma o acetylenic alcohols o loʻo i ai le tele o vailaʻau poloka poloka, ma aldehyde o loʻo taofia meaola faʻamalosi na fai si maualalo atinaʻeina ona o latou oʻona. O vailaʻau taofiofia o loʻo avea foi ma laʻau faʻafefeteina o le dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid ma le maualalo o molela amine (ethylamine, propylamine, C8-18 muamua amine, oleic acid diethanolamide), ma emulsifiers o suauʻu-i-suauʻu emulsifiers.
O le mea taua, i tausaga ua tuanaʻi, o suʻesuʻega i luga o vaega sooupu o loʻo galulue mo le gagauina o vailaʻau oona i totonu o Saina e leʻi lava, ma e leʻi tele se agaʻiga i luma. I se faʻaopopoga i meaola taofi mo le gagau suavai faʻamamaina vai i le taimi o atinae, e tele isi ituaiga, o le tele o ia o amine (tulaga muamua amene, tulaga lua amene, iunivesite amine, quaternary amide poʻo a latou mea o loʻo tuʻufaʻatasia), imidazoline ma ona faʻatupuina o se vasega foʻi o meaola faʻalapalai mea e faʻaleagaina o loʻo faʻaaogaina i se aofaiga tele.
Surfactants mo le faʻaputuputuina o le suauʻu ma kesi
O le suʻesuʻega, atinaʻeina ma le faʻaaogaina o surfactants mo suauʻu ma kesi faʻaputuputuina ma felauaiga i Saina amata i le 1960s, ma o loʻo iai nei 14 ituaiga ma selau o oloa. Faʻatasi ai ma i latou, o le faʻaaluina o le suauʻu masoa e sili ona tele, ma o le manaoga i le tausaga e tusa ma le 20,000 tone. Saina atiaʻe talafeagai demulsifier oloa mo eseese suauʻu fanua, tele o ituaiga ua oʻo i le tulaga faʻavaomalo i le 1990s; ao sasaa atu faʻanoanoaga, tafe improvers, viscosity reducers ma aneti-faasolo sooupu e toaitiiti, ma o le tele o latou e Mo faigata oloa, eseʻese suauʻu le lelei e eseese manaʻoga ma faigata mo le atinaʻeina o fou oloa ona o eseese manaʻoga mo surfactants faʻaaogaina mo faʻanoanoaga , faʻaleleia o le tafe, faʻaitiitia le viscosity ma le aveʻese mafuaʻaga.
Vailaau mo togafitiga suauʻu fanua suauʻu
. Ole vailaʻau ole vailaʻau ole suauʻu ole Suauʻu ole mea taua ole vailaʻau ole vailaʻau ile faʻatupulaia ole suauʻu. Ole aofaʻi faaletausaga o vailaʻau eseese mo togafitiga vai e ova atu ma le 60,000 tone, ma o le surfactant e tusa ma le 40%, e ui lava o surfactants ile oilfield vai togafitiga O le manaoga e matua tele lava, ae e iai nai suʻesuʻega i surfactants mo vai togafitiga i Saina. O le ituaiga o surfactants mo suauʻu vai suauʻu e le maeʻa, ma o le tele o oloa o loʻo aumai i fafo mai le alamanuia vai togafitiga alamanuia, ae ona o le oilfield vai. O le faigata o oloa na faʻailoa saʻo mai i alamanuia vai togafitiga e le lelei faʻaoga, o nisi taimi e le aoga, ma e leai se faʻamoemoeina suauʻu suauʻu suavai surfactant. Suʻesuʻega mai fafo mo surfactants mo vai togafitiga e sili ona toaga i le atinaeina o flocculants, ma e tele oloa atiaeina, ae le tele tele otaota suavai mo suauu ma kesi fanua.
Surfactant mo le toe faʻaleleia o le suauʻu tertiary
O le tulaga lelei o oloa surfactant mo tertiary suauu toe faaleleia i fafo atunuu e mautu ma le fua o le gaosiga e tele. I le taimi nei, o ituaiga o surfactants ma polymers mo le faʻamavae o le suauʻu ua fausia i Saina, ae le mafai ona latou faʻamalieina manaʻoga o tertiary suauʻu toe faʻaleleia. O le faʻaletausaga gaosiga o mamafa alkylbenzenes mo surfactants faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau gaosi suia sui o tagata e laʻititi ifo i le 20,000 tone, lea e faigata ona faʻamalieina manaʻoga, ma le molemole mamafa ma molemole mamafa tufatufaina e le talafeagai mo le surfactants faʻaaogaina i gaosia gaosi suia o latou sui.
E ui lava o le tele o galuega na faia i luga o le surfactant, e le mafai lava ona faʻamalieina manaʻoga o nofoaga o lologa lologa, ma o loʻo i ai faʻafitauli i le gaosiga o fua ma le lelei o oloa. Daqing, Shengli, Liaohe, Dagang ma isi suauʻu fanua ua maeʻa faʻataunuʻuina polymer lologa, Daqing Oilfield ua fausia se polyacrylamide totoga ma le faʻaletausaga galuega faatino o 57,000 tone, ma ua fausia e Shengli Oilfield se polyacrylamide faleoloa ma faʻaletausaga galuega faatino o le sili atu i le 20,000 tone.
O nisi gaosiga gaosi o loʻo iai le mafai gafatia sili atu ma le 100,000 t / tausaga. O le taimi nei faʻaletausaga manaʻomia mo polymer mo suauʻu aveeseina o sefulu o afe o tone. O le fua e mafai lava ona faʻamalieina manaʻoga, ae o le oloa lelei (e pei o le faʻatulagaina o le vaega tele o molemole) O loʻo i ai pea se avanoa i le va o ia ma solubility, vevela teteʻe ma masima faʻatumuina. Faʻatasi ai ma le soifuaga sooupu malosi i fanua suauʻu, tertiary suauʻu toe faʻaleleia surfactants o le sili ona folafolaina vailaʻau.
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