1. Vaaiga aoao

Amphoteric surfactants faʻasino i vaega uma cationic hydrophilic kulupu ma kulupu hydrophobic anionic i le molemone fausaga, lea e mafai ona faʻamamaina i se vai vaʻaia ma faʻaalia uiga o le anionic surfactants i lalo o se tulaga faʻatulagaina tulaga, ae i lalo o le isi tulaga feololo faʻaalia foliga o cationic surfactants.

Betaine-type amphoteric surfactants faʻasino i se vasega o vailaʻau o latou fausaga e tutusa ma le natura oloa betaine. O le igoa vailaʻau ole betaine ole trimethylammonium acetate. O se oloa masani maua e Scheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) ma vavaeʻese mai beet sua. Na faʻaigoa e Scheibler le betaine beta-i le igoa Latina beta vulgaris.

I le 1876, na talia ai e Bruhl le faaupuga betaine ma fautuaina ai ia tuufaatasi ma isi fausaga e pei o oloa masani ona faaigoaina "betaines", O betaine-ituaiga amphoteric surfactants. Betaine ituaiga amphoteric surfactants mafai ona vaevaeina i carboxylic acid ituaiga, sulfonic acid ituaiga, sulfate ituaiga, ituaiga sulfite, phosphate ituaiga, phosphite ituaiga, phosphonic acid ituaiga ma phosphonite ituaiga e tusa ai ma le ituaiga o acid kulupu. . I le taimi nei, o le fale suʻesuʻega i luga o betaine surfactants e malosi lava. Faatasi ai ma i latou, carboxylic acid ituaiga, sulfonic acid ituaiga ma ituaiga phosphate oloa ua lipotia sili atu.

Ole tele o nofoaga lelei ole tau ole betaine-type amphoteric surfactants o loʻo lagolagoina i le quaternary ammonium N atoms, ae o nofoaga leaga o loʻo faʻatupeina e lagolagoina i vaega leaga o loʻo molia ai acid. O le eseesega i le va betaine-ituaiga amphoteric surfactants ma isi amphoteric surfactants e mafua ona o le i ai o le quaternary ammonium nitrogen i le molemole, o le a le i ai i le tulaga o anionic surfactants i alkaline fofo. I vaitau eseese o le PH, betaine-type amphoteric surfactants o le a naʻo le ituaiga zwitterionic poʻo cationic surfactants e maua ai. O le mea lea, i le isoelectric sone, betaine amphoteric surfactants e le faigofie ona paʻu tele i le solubility pei o isi amphoteric surfactants ma vaivai vaivai nitrogen.

Betaine ituaiga amphoteric surfactants e ese foi mai cationic surfactants. Nisi tagata suʻesuʻe (Beckett AH 1963) talitonu e tatau ona faʻavasegaina o se "quaternary ammonium masima amphoteric surfactant"; Moore CD (1960) talitonu e tatau ona faʻavasegaina o se "quaternary ammonium masima surfactant". E le pei o surfactants cationic pei o "fafo quaternary ammonium masima surfactants", betaine-ituaiga amphoteric surfactants mafai ona faʻaaogaina faʻatasi ma anionic surfactants ma o le a le fausiaina "eletise le faaituʻau" compound.

Betaine-type amphoteric surfactants o se taua vaega o amphoteric surfactants. E i ai sili lelei fetaui ma anionic, cationic ma nonionic surfactants, ei ai sili lelei synergistic aʻafiaga, ma e agamalu i le natura. E i ai lelei antistatic meatotino, bactericidal meatotino, anticorrosive meatotino, ma e faigofie biodegradable. E lautele faʻaaogaina i le vailaʻau i aso uma. Faʻatasi ma le loloto o suʻesuʻega, o le a atiaʻe ma faʻaogaina nisi surfactants ituaiga betaine.

2. Suʻesuʻega alualu i luma o betaine-type amphoteric surfactants

I le amataga o le 1869, na faʻaaoga ai e Liebreich O. le trimethylamine e sauni ai betaine; i le 1937, le muamua pateni lipoti o amphoteric surfactants aliaʻe i le Malo Tele, ma i le 1940 DuPont lipotia le muamua betaine faasologa (Betaine) amphoteric surfactants. Talu mai lena taimi, o atunuʻu eseʻese ua amata suʻesuʻe ma atiaʻe amphoteric surfactants aofia ai betaine compound. Faatasi ai ma le faateleina talosaga osurfaine betaine, o le saosaoa o suʻesuʻega i lenei matata ua faʻateleina foʻi. I tausaga talu ai nei, tele o oloa fou ua atiaʻe.

Xu Jinyun et al. saunia octadecyl betaine ma octadecyl tertiary amine, chloroacetic acid, ma le sodium hydroxide o ni mea masani, ma tofotofoina lona luga feteʻenaʻi, antistatic meatotino, emulsifying meatotino ma isi talosaga meatotino. Base betaine na faʻatusatusa. Zhang Li ma isi na faia foi suʻesuʻega i luga o le chemistry o lenei surfactant, e pei o le feteʻenaʻi o le tino, microemulsion ma fausaga faʻavae.

Chen Zonggang ma isi na tali mai i le stearic acid ma le triethanolamine e gaosia ai le triethanolamine stearate, ma faʻatonutonu ai le fuataga o mea e faʻasolosolo ai ona avea le oloa mafuli i le diester, ona tali atu ai lea ma le quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate e gaosia ai le triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. O lenei surfactant mafai ona faʻaaogaina o se faʻamaluluina sooupu mo lolomitusi ma vali. O lona vaivai e latalata i le suauʻu silicon amino, o lona paʻepaʻe ma le mafai ona sili atu e sili atu nai lo le suauʻu silicon amino, ma e faigofie ona faʻaleagaina. O se siosiomaga faʻauo oloa.

FangYiwen etal. synthesized lauroamidopropyl betaine ma N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine ma le sodium chloroacetate o ni mea masani. O le oloa e maualuga foaming, foam faʻamautuina ma mafiafia meatotino. , Lelei fetaui lelei ma isi vaega i le shampoo.

Chen Hongling et al. synthesized lua sulfoimidazolinebetaines faʻaaogaina sodium 2-bromoethyl sulfonate o se hydrophilic faavae mea ma alkyl imidazoline ma tofotofoina o latou tino ma vailaʻau meatotino. O le faʻavae faʻavae e pei ona taʻua i lalo.

E maua e Jiang Liubo le N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine e ala i le aveʻesea o le sodium chloride mai le sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate ma le lauramide dimethylpropylamine e ala i le tali atu, taʻitasi O faʻatonuga faʻapitoa e masani ona o gatasi ma oloa faʻaulu mai igoa. E i ai agamalu faʻagaioiga, matua maualalo le faʻasoesa, mauoa ma lelei foam, ma sili lelei vai tetee ma sterilization.

Nonglanping faʻaaogaina le dodecanol, epichloresterolin, chloroethanol ma le dimethylamine o ni mea masani, ma le P2O5 o le phosphorylation reagent, ma le igoa synthetic o 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

Cen Bo et al. vavae ese ma faʻamamaina dehydroabietylamine mai le tutusa propin rosin amine, ona synthesized N-dehydroabietyl-N ala N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine o se tulaga masani. N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine ma lona chloride o ni ituaiga fou e lua o betaine amphoteric surfactants.

 

Wang Jun et al. synthesize le betaine type amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine ma le epichloresterolin, sodium bisulfite ma tertiary dodecyl amine o ni mea masani, O le tali atu i tulaga na faʻaleleia.

 

Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. ua saunia lua fou betaine-ituaiga amphoteric surfactants o loʻo iai polyoxyethylene filifili vaega e ala i le tali atu alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl tertiary amine ma le chloroacetic acid poʻo le chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Malamalama alamanuia gaosiga.

 

Atunuʻu mamao o loʻo i ai pea i le tulaga maualuga i le matata o surfaine betaine, ma a latou suʻesuʻega ma atinae galuega tatau tatau i ai atoa mafaufau ma suʻesuʻega faʻasino. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, Chew, CH, ma isi mea na gaosia le betaine-type surfactant polymer AUDMAA ma le acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol ma le aminoacetic acid. O lona mamafa faitioga micelle i 24 ℃ o 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. O le polymerization faʻagaoioia malosiaga o 50.2kJ / mol. Furuno Takeshi et al. synthesized lua fou betaine-ituaiga surfactants N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine ma N- (fatty acid ester) ethyl- ma tarot suauu gaʻo gaʻo pei o mea masani. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

I tausaga ua tuanaʻi, sa tele lava faʻafiafiaina atinaʻe i le tino ma vailaʻau vailaʻau o surfaine betaine. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga: YousukeOne, ma isi.dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, oleic acid) -dimethyl betaine mataupu, o le dielectric amio o le micellar fofo o betaine surfactant na suesueina. E leai se mea e faʻatatau i le faʻatulagaina o micelles, ma le malosi faʻamalolo o le amphoteric surfactant solution suia faʻatusatusa i le faʻasologa, e tutusa ma le aminoglycolato betaine o loʻo i ai le betaine vailaʻau vailaʻau ae le o se surfactant. O iʻuga ua faʻaalia ai o le micelle luga o le amphoteric surfactant o loʻo i ai foʻi le taimi vave dipole vave e pei o le glycine betaine solution.