1. Tagata faaseʻe

E tele ituaiga o surfactants. E tusa ai ma a latou galuega faatino, o latou: anionic 56%, non-ionic 36%, zwitterionic 5%, ma cation 3%.

2. Anionic Surfactant

2.1 Anionic surfactant sulfonate. Masani faʻaaogaina i lenei ituaiga o sodium laina alkylbenzene sulfonate ma sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate. Sodium linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, e taʻua foi ole LAS poʻo le ABS, o se paʻepaʻe samasama poʻo le samasama pauta poʻo le flake malo, soluble i le vai, e ui e leaga le solubility ole vai ile maualalo o le vevela, ma lona solubility ile vai ile potu vevela o loʻo i lalo ole 3. Ae i ai le solubility lelei i le tuufaatasiga surfactant faiga.

Alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate e taʻua foi o le AOS. A o le gaioiga mea o le 38% -40%, o le foliga mai o se samasama manino vai, lea e faigofie ona soluble i le vai. E i ai le lelei mautu i le lautele lautele o tulaga taua pH. E i ai sina laʻititi i le paʻu ma o le microbial faʻaleagaina fua o le 100%. Faʻatasi ai ma i latou, LAS e masani ona le faʻaaogaina i shampoos, ma seasea faʻaaogaina i vai taele. E masani ona faʻaaogaina i suavai tagamea tagamea ma vailaʻau fufulua (meaʻai i meaʻai i le laulau). O le LAS i le vailaau faʻamama e mafai ona faʻaaoga mo le afa o le aofaʻi o le surfactant, ma o le tulaga faʻatulagaina fetuʻunaʻi o le vaega o LA i le suavai suavai mo lavalava e matua lautele.

O le AOS e sili ona lelei lona faʻatinoina i totonu o ituaiga sulfonate. E i ai le lelei o lautele sulfonates pe o ona lelei e sili atu ona lauiloa, aunoa ma le le atoatoa o le lautele sulfonates. AOS o se tasi o le autu surfactants masani ona faʻaaogaina i shampoos ma vai taele. O le apalai i isi suavai suavai o le a faʻasolosolo faʻateleina ma le iloaina o oloa localization (tau faʻaititia). O le lelei tulaga ese o le AOS o le lelei mautu, lelei solubility vai, lelei fetaui lelei, maualalo le ita, ma lelei microbial faʻaleagaina; o le le maitauina le lelei o le tau e sili atu taugata i totonu o anionic surfactants.

2.2 Anionic surfactant sulfate

Masani ia toaaga sooupu o gaʻo gaʻo polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate ma sodium lauryl sulfate. Fatty alkohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate o le alias AES, ava malosi ether sodium sulfate. E faigofie ona soluble i le vai, o le foliga mai o le malamalama samasama viscous vai (translucent) pe a o le gaioiga anotusi o 70%, ma le mautu e maualalo i lautele sulfonates. E hydrolyzed vave i lalo ole pH4, ae i ai lelei lelei hydrolytic i alkaline siʻosiʻomaga.

Sodium lauryl sulfate o loʻo faʻaigoaina foʻi AS, K12, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, foaming agent. E soluble i le vai, ma le solubility i le vai i le 25 ° C e tusa ma le 15, ae o le tikeri o le vai solubility e maualalo ifo i le AES. E le maaleale i le alkali ma le faigata vai, ae o le mautu i lalo o acidic tulaga e maualalo ifo i le lautele sulfonate, latalata i AES, uumi taimi vevela e le tatau ona sili atu i le 95 ℃, o le itaitagofie o loo i le ogatotonu tulaga o surfactant, 10% fofo itaitagofie lisi 3.3, maualuga Maualalo nai lo AES, maualalo ifo i le LAS.

E mafai ona faʻaaoga le AES i le shampoo, vai taele, vai e fufulu ai ipu vai (vai fufulu vai), ma vailaʻau vai mo lavalava. I le faʻaoga, pe a faʻatagaina e le faʻailoga o le tulaga taua o le pH, e tatau ona fetuʻunaʻi le taua o le pH i le maualuga e mafai ai, e pei o le le faʻaituau poʻo le alkaline A AES tatau ona faʻaaogaina i lalo o le maualalo pH tuʻutuʻuga (i shampoos), o lona ethanolamine masima e masani ona faʻaaogaina. O le solubility vai o AES e sili atu nai lo AS; e mafai ona saunia i totonu o soʻo se vaega o le manino vaimama vai i le potu vevela. AES e le gata e sili atu ona lautele faʻaaogaina i suavaia vailaau faʻamama nai lo LAS, ae faʻapea foi ona sili atu ona fetaui lelei; e mafai ona tuʻufaʻatasia ma le tele o surfactants i binary pe tele faʻatasiga e fausia ai se manino manino vai vaifofo. Faʻatasi ai ma le gaosia o surfactants, AES tulaga tolu i galuega faatino, ma o le tau e maualalo ifo nai lo AS. I le 2002, 70% AES na faʻatau atu i le 8,500 yuan / t. O le lelei tulaga ese o AES o maualalo ita, lelei solubility vai, lelei fetaui lelei, ma lelei faatinoga i le puipuia o le paʻu mago ma talatala; o le le lelei o le mautu i acidic ala o faʻasalalauga e fai si mativa - o le pH tatau ona faʻatonutonuina ia sili atu nai lo le 4, ma o le vailaʻau e faʻatitia i le LAS, AS.

AS o loʻo faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau suavaia, faʻalogo i le tulaga feololo pH-e le maualuga tele le acidity; le masima Ethanolamine poʻo le ammonium masima e tatau ona faʻaaogaina i le shampoo; le masima ethanolamine poʻo le ammonium masima e masani ona faʻaaogaina ile vai taele. O le faʻaaogaina o le masima o le ethanolamine e le gata e faʻateleina ai le mautu o le teteʻe i le acid, ae e fesoasoani foi e faʻaititia ai le itaitagofie. 10% triethanolamine masima faʻaosofia faʻasino igoa 3.0. O le faʻaaogaina taimi o AS i suavai fufului fufuluaina detergents e maualalo, ma e seasea faʻaaogaina o le autu surfactant, o lona uiga, o le aofaʻi o fua e laʻititi. O le mafuaʻaga autu o le le lelei le faʻaititia o tau o oloa. Lona lua, o lenei ituaiga o oloa e toeititi lava leai se manaʻoga mo foaming. AS tulaga numera 5 i le gaosiga o gaosi surfactants, ma o le tau e fai si maualuga. I le 2002, o le pauta tau o le 15,000 yuan / t. Vagana ai le foaming lelei ma detergency malosi, AS e le lelei e pei o le AES i isi itu. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o le teteʻe i le acid ma le mautu e fai si leaga, ma o le faʻasoesa e fai si lapoʻa — e laʻititi ifo i le LAS, ma o le tau e sili ona maualuga i tagata masani e faʻaalu i le vai.

3. Nonionic Surfactant

O ituaiga autu o non-ionic surfactants o alkyl alkohol amides (FFA), fatty alkohol polyoxyethylene ethers (AE), alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ethers (APE po o le OP). E leai ni ionic surfactants i ai solubilization lelei, fufuluina, antistatic, maualalo le faʻaitaina, kalisiu fasimoli solo, ma isi. o le vaega talafeagai talafeagai PH e lautele atu nai lo lautele ionic surfactants; na te 'aveʻeseina le' eleʻele ma 'eleʻelea meatotino. , O isi meatotino e masani ona sili atu le lelei nai lo le lautele anionic surfactants. Faʻataʻitaʻiga faʻaalia o le faʻaopopoina o se laʻititi o non-ionic surfactants i ionic surfactants mafai ona faʻateleina luga luga gaioiga o le polokalama-faʻatusatusa i le tutusa gaioiga aano.

Alkyl alkohol amides o se vasega o non-ionic surfactants ma sili atu gaioiga, lautele lautele o faʻaoga ma maualuga taimi o faʻaoga. E masani ona faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau suavai eseese. Alkyl alkohol amides e masani ona faʻaaogaina faʻapitoa i vailaʻau suavaia o le "2: 1 amide" ma le "1.5: 1 amide", ma le "1: 1 amide" e mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina. O nei faʻamatalaga e tolu e eseese faʻatinoga i tulaga o vai solubility ma mafiafia. I se tulaga lautele, o le "1.5: 1 amide" e sili atu ona feololo, ma e tele na faʻaaoga ile vailaau. E masani lava, "1: 1 amide" e faʻaaogaina faʻatasi ma isi surfactants e mafai ona suavai e faʻavaivai gofie. Alkyl alkohol amides e sili ona talafeagai mo detergents alkaline, ma mafai foi ona faʻaaogaina i lautele vailaʻau fualaʻau. Alkyl alkohol amide o se tasi o sili taugofie le faʻaaluina ionic iapani, o le tau i le 2002 e 7,800 yuan / t. Alkyl alkohol amides e masani ona faʻaaogaina i vailaʻau vai nai lo vailaʻau oona 'ava malosi polyoxyethylene. O le nonionic surfactants faʻaaogaina i shampoos e masani lava o le alkyl alkohol amides. O mafuaʻaga atonu: FFA's maeʻa galuega e sili atu pe sili atu nai lo AE; O oloa FFA e laʻititi ifo le tau nai lo le AE; FFA's solubility e sili atu nai lo AE; O le FFA o le foaming meatotino e sili atu nai lo AE.

4. Zwitterionic surfactants

Amphoteric surfactants faasino i surfactants ma uma anionic ma cationic hydrophilic kulupu, o lea o lenei surfactant o cationic i acidic fofo, anionic i alkaline fofo, ma tutusa i le le mautonu fofo Non-ionic natura. Amphoteric surfactants e faigofie ona soluble i le vai, soluble i concentrated acid ma alkali fofo, ma e mafai foi ona faʻamamaina i totonu o faʻafitauli fofo o masima e leai ni totoga. Latou i ai lelei lelei teteʻe vai, maualalo faʻaitagofie paʻu, lelei ie vaivai, ma antistatic meatotino. Lelei, e i ai se lelei aafiaga siama, ma e lelei fetaui ma isi surfactants.

Lenei ituaiga o oloa e mafai ona faʻaaogaina i se lautele lautele pH, ae mai le manatu o le tutusa ionic tulaga i lalo o eseese acid-faavae auala tulaga, o le faʻatinoina i lalo o acidic ma tulaga le mautonu e tatau ona sili atu nai lo lalo o alkaline tuutuuga. I se tulaga lautele, o le tau o le zwitterionic surfactants e maualuga atu nai lo le nonionic surfactants.

Taua amphoteric surfactant ituaiga aofia ai dodecyl dimethyl betaine, carboxylate ituaiga imidazoline ma isi. Faʻatusatusa i le anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants sili atu ona malamalama lelei faʻatinoina ma laʻititi ni faʻaletonu - na o le detergency ma foaming e sili atu ona leaga; faʻatusatusa i nonionic surfactants, o nisi meatotino o amphoteric surfactants e sili atu, O le isi gaioiga e le o faʻatuai i tua. Amphoteric surfactants sili atu lo latou mafaia ona faʻaaogaina le tomai nai lo le lautele nonionic surfactants - le lelei foaming tomai o le AE; siama e sili atu5. Cactic surfactant

Masani cactic surfactant ituaiga aofia cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14S), cationic panthenol, cationic Silicone suauʻu, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2) ma isi. Cationic surfactants e ese mai isi surfactants. E leaga a latou detergency ma foaming meatotino, ma e masani ona i ai se faʻapitoa o le oona oona (maualalo).

Cationic surfactants o loʻo faʻaaogaina o ni co-surfactants i suavai vailaʻau-o se mea faʻavae faʻamalosi ma se laʻititi aofaʻi o metotia; E masani ona faʻaaogaina i mea maualuluga, e masani ona faʻaaoga i shampoos. Cationic surfactants e le fetaui tuʻusaʻo ma anionic surfactants. O le tutusa o cations ma anion ono maua ai ni iʻuga lelei, ae o le aʻafiaga o le faʻasusu (crystallization) e sili atu.

E tele ituaiga o cationic surfactants faʻaaogaina i shampoos, ma o le tele o taimi o le faʻaaoga e faʻapea foi ona salalau solo-nai lo le faʻaaogaina o se tasi pe lua ituaiga malosi, e masani ona fausiaina i faʻamalama. Cationic surfactants o loʻo i ai se tamaʻi mea faʻasoa i totonu o surfactants, ma o latou tau e masani ona sili atu le taugata nai lo isi ituaiga o surfactants. Faʻatusatusa i ituaiga eseese o surfactants, cationic surfactants i ai le sili lauiloa suiga fetuunaʻiga ma le malosiʻaga siʻosiʻomaga aafiaga; e ui lava i le le lelei o le leaga detergency, leaga foaming, leaga le fetaui lelei, maualuga itaitagofie, ma le maualuga tau, o latou o le vaega sui faʻamalosi tino i le maualuga-iuga suavai fufulua shampoos e le mafai ona suia e isi ituaiga o surfactants. E taua le maitauina o cationic surfactants e mafai ona faʻaaogaina o ni vaega o le soʻoga faʻapitoa poʻo ni siama.