1. Surfactant mo le faʻaaogaina o le suauʻu mamafa

Ona o le maualuga viscosity ma le lelei suavaia o suauʻu mamafa, e aumaia ai le tele o faigata i le faʻaogaina. Ina ia mafai ona faʻaaogaina nei suauʻu mamafa, o nisi taimi e manaʻomia le tuiina o se vai i totonu o le vai e faʻafou ai le maualuga o le viscosity mamafa suauʻu i totonu o le suauʻu maualalo-viscosity suauʻu-i totonu o le vai emulsion ma pamu i luga. Surfactants faʻaaogaina i lenei mafiafia suauʻu emulsification ma viscosity faʻaititia auala aofia ai sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ava ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl alkohol ether sulfate sodium sodium, ma isi O le suauʻu-i-vai emulsion manaʻomia e vavaeʻese le vai ma faʻaaoga nisi alamanuia surfactants o demulsifiers mo dehydration. O nei demulsifiers o vai-i-suauʻu emulsifiers. Masani faʻaaogaina o cationic surfactants poʻo le naphthenic acid, asphaltene acid ma a latou masima uʻamea polyvalent. Mo faʻapitoa suauʻu mamafa, e le mafai ona faʻaaogaina metotia pamuina iunite masani, ma e manaʻomia tui ausa mo le toe faʻaleleia o le tau. Ina ia faʻaleleia le faʻaleleia o le vevela, e manaʻomia ni surfactants. O le tuiina o le foam i totonu o le ausa tui lelei, o lona uiga, tuiina maualuga-vevela foaming sooupu ma le-condensable kesi o se tasi o le masani ona faʻaaogaina metotia metotia.

E masani ona faʻaaogaina foaming agents o alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, petroleum sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl alkohol ether ma sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, special gemini surfactants, ma isi Ona o fluorine-o loʻo i ai surfactants e maualuga luga gaioiga ma e mautu i acid, alkali , okesene, vevela ma le suauʻu, florine-o loʻo iai surfactants e lelei tele-vevela foaming agents. Ina ia faʻafaigofie le faʻasalalauina suauʻu pasi e ala i le faʻavae puʻupuʻu fausaga o le faʻavaeina, poʻo le faia o le suauʻu i luga o le faʻavae faigofie ona tuliesea i fafo, e tatau ona faʻaaoga se surfactant taʻua o se manifinifi ata diffusing sooupu. Masani faʻaaogaina o gemini surfactants ma alkylated phenolic resins.

2. O le faʻaaogaina o le waxy crude oil ma surfactants e manaʻomia ai le taofiofi o le wax ma aveʻese solo. O tagata faaseʻe e fai ma mea e taofiofi ai le gaʻo ma solo ai le solo. E faʻaaogaina le suauʻu e mafai ona faʻaola i le suauʻu ma le vai e mafai ona faʻavasega vai mo le puipuia o le wax. O le muamua faia se matafaioi o solo puipuia e ala i le suia o meatotino o le solo tioata luga. O suauʻu masani e faʻaalu ile suauʻu ole suauʻu ole sulfonates ma le amine surfactants. O vai e mafai ona fofo i le suavai e avea ma mea e puipuia ai le solo e ala i le suia o meatotino o le lalagaina o mea i luga (e pei o le faʻasusu, faʻasusu uʻamea ma mea faigaluega i luga). E mafai ona faʻaaogaina surfactants o sodium alkyl sulfonate, quaternary ammonium salt, alkane polyoxyethylene ether, areto polyoxyethylene ether ma a latou sodium sulfonate masima. Surfactants mo le solo eseina ua vaevaeina foi i ni itu se lua, suauʻu-soluble mo suauʻu faʻavae suauu, vai-soluble ituaiga sulfonate, quaternary ammonium masima ituaiga, ituaiga polyether, ituaiga va, OP ituaiga surfactant, Sulfate ester masima poʻo sulfonated mafolafola faʻaopoopo ituaiga ma OP ituaiga surfactants o loʻo faʻaaogaina o vai-faʻavae solo solo. I tausaga talu ai nei, i totonu o atunuʻu ma atunuʻu i fafo na tuʻufaʻatasia tuʻufaʻatasia le solo ese ma puipuia, faʻapea foi ma le suauʻu-faʻavae solo ma solo vai faʻavae solo, ina ia maua ai se hybrid solo solo. O lenei solo aveese soʻosoʻo faʻaaoga le manogi hydrocarbons ma fefiloi vai manogi hydrocarbons o le vaega suauʻu, ma se emulsifier ma lulu aveʻesea galuega o le vai vaega. A o le filifilia emulsifier o se nonionic surfactant ma se talafeagai ao tulaga, e mafai ona faia ia oʻo atu pe ova atu lona ao tumutumu i le vevela i lalo ifo o le waxing vaega o le suauʻu lelei, ina ia mafai ona maua le solo fefiloi remover A o leʻi ulufale atu i le vaega waxing, ua malepe le emuliona, ma lua ituaiga o solo aveese sui ua vavaeʻese, ma latou faia le matafaioi o le solo aveʻese i le taimi e tasi.

3. Faʻaaoga e faʻamautu ai le 'ele

O le faʻamautuina o le omea vaega puipuia le 'ele minerale mai le fulafula ma puipuia le' ele o minerale palapala mai le feoaʻi. E mafai ona faʻaaogaina e puipuia ai le 'ele mai le fulafula, pei o amine salt type, quaternary ammonium salt type, pyridine salt type, imidazoline salt ma isi cationic surfactants. E leai ni ionic-cationic surfactants o loʻo iai le fluorine o loʻo avanoa e puipuia ai le feʻaveaʻiga o le omea o vaega ninii.

4. Surfactants faʻaaogaina i auala faʻamamaina

Ina ia mafai ona faʻaleleia le faʻatinoina o le acidification, o le tele o vailaʻau faʻaopopo e masani ona faʻaopoopo i le vailaʻau fofo. Soʻo se surfactant e mafai ona talafeagai ma acid ma faigofie ona faʻasalalau e le faʻavae mafai ona faʻaaogaina o se acidification retarder. E pei o fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium salt, pyridine salt i cationic surfactants ma polyoxyethylene sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate masima poʻo sulfate masima i amphoteric surfactants Base phenol ether ma isi. Nisi surfactants, pei o le dodecyl sulfonic acid ma ona alkyl amine masima, mafai emulsify le acid i le suauʻu e maua ai se acid-i-suauʻu emulsion. Lenei emulsion o loʻo faʻaaogaina o se acidification alamanuia suavai ma e i ai foi se telegese aʻafiaga.

O nisi surfactants mafai ona faʻaaogaina o anti-emulsifiers mo acidified suavai. Surfactants ma lala lala e pei o polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether ma polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine mafai ona faʻaaogaina o acidification anti-emulsifiers. O nisi surfactants mafai ona faʻaaogaina o fesoasoani faʻaitiitia, pei o amine masima ituaiga, quaternary ammonium masima ituaiga, pyridine masima ituaiga, leai-ionic, amphoteric ma fluorinated surfactants.